Nature:大猩猩基因组与人类相似98%

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Nature:大猩猩基因组与人类相似98%

#Nature:大猩猩基因组与人类相似98%| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

近日,英国《自然》杂志刊登论文说,英国桑格研究所等机构研究人员完成了对大猩猩基因组的测序,分析显示它与人类基因组的相似程度为98%,在进化树上两者分离的时间在约1000万年前。 这一成果标志着科学界完成了对生物分类上“人科”中包括人类在内所有四个属的基因组测序。在分类学中,今天的人类属于灵长目人科人属智人种。分析显示,与人类分家最早的是红毛猩猩,它在约1400万年前分离,其基因组与人类相似度约97%;随后大猩猩在约1000万年前分离,基因组与人类相似度约98%;最晚分离的是黑猩猩,时间在约600万年前,它的基因组与人类最为相似,相似度高达99%。 论文作者之一、桑格研究所的薛雅丽博士介绍说,本次研究不仅有助厘清上述人类进化史,还发现了其他一些有深入研究价值的问题。比如人们长期以为,听力的进化是与人类特有的语言行为密不可分的,但本次研究发现,大猩猩与听力有关的基因也经历着与人类相似的进化速度,但是大猩猩不会说话,因此对听力基因背后的进化驱动力可能需要重新思考。 还有一点是,有一个基因在人类和大猩猩的基因组中都存在,但是有这个基因的人会有较高的心脏病风险,而大猩猩虽然也有这个基因,却没有这种心脏病风险。如果能探清这种差异背后的原因,那将有助于推动与心脏病有关的医疗研究。 大猩猩是现存最大的灵长目动物,它生活在非洲热带地区的丛林中,不同地区的大猩猩可分为几个亚种。本次测序所用的是一只名为“卡米拉”的雌性西部低地大猩猩。(生物谷Bioon.com)

doi: 10.1038/nature10842PMC:PMID:

Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence

Aylwyn Scally; Julien Y. Dutheil; LaDeana W. Hillier; Gregory E. Jordan; Ian Goodhead; Javier Herrero; Asger Hobolth; Tuuli Lappalainen; Thomas Mailund; Tomas Marques-Bonet; Shane McCarthy; Stephen H. Montgomery; Petra C. Schwalie; Y. Amy Tang; Michelle C. Ward; Yali Xue; Bryndis Yngvadottir; Can Alkan; Lars N. Andersen; Qasim Ayub; Edward V. Ball; Kathryn Beal; Brenda J. Bradley; Yuan Chen; Chris M. Clee; Stephen Fitzgerald; Tina A. Graves; Yong Gu; Paul Heath; Andreas Heger; Emre Karakoc; Anja.

Gorillas are humans’ closest living relatives after chimpanzees, and are of comparable importance for the study of human origins and evolution. Here we present the assembly and analysis of a genome sequence for the western lowland gorilla, and compare the whole genomes of all extant great ape genera. We propose a synthesis of genetic and fossil evidence consistent with placing the human–chimpanzee and human–chimpanzee–gorilla speciation events at approximately 6 and 10 million years ago. In 30% of the genome, gorilla is closer to human or chimpanzee than the latter are to each other; this is rarer around coding genes, indicating pervasive selection throughout great ape evolution, and has functional consequences in gene expression. A comparison of protein coding genes reveals approximately 500 genes showing accelerated evolution on each of the gorilla, human and chimpanzee lineages, and evidence for parallel acceleration, particularly of genes involved in hearing. We also compare the western and eastern gorilla species, estimating an average sequence divergence time 1.75 million years ago, but with evidence for more recent genetic exchange and a population bottleneck in the eastern species. The use of the genome sequence in these and future analyses will promote a deeper understanding of great ape biology and evolution.


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